一、形态特征
JINSICHUILIUWEILUOYEQIAOMU,YEJIAOJINSILIU、HUANGJINLIU、HUANGLIU,YEPIZHENXING,ZHITIAOXIACHUI,HUANGSE,SHUZIYOUMEI,ZHITIAOYANSEXIANYAN(XIAOZHISHENGZHANGJIJIECHENGHUANGLVSE,XIUMIANJIJIECHENGJINHUANGSE)、KANGBINGXINGQIANG、QIEQUANBUWEIXIONGZHU,CHUNJIBUFEIXU,WUHUANJINGWURAN。FAYAZAO,LUOYECHI,NIANSHENGZHANGQIZHANG;NAISHUIXINGQIANG,DUANQISHUIYANMEIDINGBUZHISIWANG;XIGUANG,BUNAIYIN;JIAONAIHAN,XIWENNUANSHIRUNQIHOUHESHIRUN、SHENHOUDETURANG,DANDUITURANGSHIYINGXINGJIAOQIANG,NAISHUISHI,ZAIHEBIANSHENGZHANGYOUHAO;ZAITUCENGSHENHOU、DISHIGAOZAODEDIQUYENENGZHENGCHANGSHENGZHANG,MENGYALIQIANG,SHENGZHANGXUNSU。JINSICHUILIUKEZUODONGJIGUANZHIGANSHUZHONG,WEIYOULIANGDEYUANLINLVHUASHUZHONG,SHIYINGXINGQIANG,SHIZHIYUHEAN、HUBIAN、CHIPAN,SHIZHONGYAODETINGYUANGUANSHANGSHUZHONG,YEKEZUOXINGDAOSHUHEHUBOGUDISHUZHONG。
二、繁育方法
JINSICHUILIUSHISUSHENGSHUZHONG,YANGLIUKE。GAISHUZHONGGENXIFADA、ZHIYEFANMAO、SHUXINGYOUMEI、XIGUANG、FAYAZAO、LUOYECHI、SHENGZHANGKUAI、CAIZHIHAO、SHIYINGXINGGUANG、KANGNIXINGQIANG、KANGHAN、NAIGAOWEN、ZAIJIDUANQIWENLINGXIA40DUHELINGSHANG45DUDIDAIKEZHENGCHANGSHENGZHANG,KANGHAN、NAISHUISHI、DUANQISHUIYANMEIDINGBUZHISIWANG,GENJUTADESHENGWUXUEHESHENGTAIXUETEZHENG,YIZAIZAIDIWASHIDI、SHUIKU、CHITANGZHOUWEI,JIANGHE、GOUQUJIJIEDAOLIANGPANGHEGONGGONGLVDI、TINGYUANZHIZHONG。SHIFANGFENGGUSHA、SHUITUBAOCHIDESHOUXUANSHUZHONG,YESHIZHILIZHANGJIANG、HUANGHEJIFANGSHACHENBAODEHAOSHUZHONG。(SHIHEZAISHANXIZHONGZHI)JINSILIUDEZHONGZHIHEYANGHUJISHURUXIA:
2YUEXIAXUNZHI3YUESHANGXUNQIANCHA,YIZAOBUYICHI。QUSHENGZHANGJIANZHUANGDE1NIANSHENGMIAO,YONGLIDAOJIECHENG10-12LIMIZHANGDECHATIAO,FENJIKUNBANG,50ZHIYIKUN,PAIFANGJIAZHIZAIYINLIANGDEDIFANG,YIFANGCHATIAOSHISHUI,YINGXIANGCHENGHUOLV。AN30× 50LIMIDEZHUXINGJUQIANCHA,MEIMUYUE4500ZHU。KAIHAOGOUXI,YIBIANKANGHANPAILAO。
1、GUANSHUIYASHI
CHATIAOMENGYAQIANGUANYICIDASHUI,RANHOUYONGJIAOBACHATIAOZHOUWEIDETUCAISHI,ZHEIYANGYOULIYUMENGYA,TIGAOCHENGHUOLV。
2、MOYAZHENGZHI
MENGYAHOU,DAIYAZHANGZHI10-15LIMISHI,XUANLIU1GEJIANZHUANGDEZHITIAOPEIYUWEIZHUGAN,QIYUDEQUANBUMODIAO。YIHOUDINGQIMOYA。JISHIJIANCHUCEZHI,YIJIANSHAOYANGFENXIAOHAO,JIAKUAIZHUGANXINGCHENG。
3、SHIFEIYONGGEN
4YUEZHONGXUN,CHATIAOYOUGENXINGCHENGHOUZHUISHIYICIFEILIAO,MEIMUYONGNIAOSU10GONGJINCHENYINYUTIANSASHI。 JIEHESHIFEICHUCAO,PEITUYONGGEN。YIHOUMEI40TIANSHIYICINIAOSUHUOFUHEFEI,SHENGZHANGQIANQIYIDANFEIWEIZHU,HOUQIYILINJIAFEIWEIZHU。
5、KANGHANPAILAO
4-5YUEFENMIAOMUSHENGZHANGWANGJI,SHIDANGGUANSHUI。MEIYUJIJIEPAILAOJIANGZI,FANGZHIOUGEN。
三、育苗技术
1、CHATIAOCAIJIYUCHULI
CHATIAOCAIJIYAOXUANZEMUZHIHUACHENGDUHAO、WUBINGCHONGHAIDEYOUZHIZHUANGTIAO,YIBANYINGYONG1NIANSHENGQIANCHAMIAOGANWEIYI。SHENGZHANGJIANZHUANG、FAYUJIAOHAODECEZHUANGZHIHUOYOUSHUSHANGDEZHUANGTIAOYEKECAIYONG,CUDUYI0.8-1.5cmWEIYI。QIUJILUOYEHOU(DAYUEZAI11YUEZHONGXIAXUN)CAIQU1NIANSHENGQIANCHAMIAO,MIAOGANKEZHENGZHUJIAZHIYUKUAN90cmSHEN60cmDEJIAZHIGOUZHONG,LAINIANCHUNJIWACHUJIANCHENG10-15cmDECHATIAO,MEIGENZUISHAOBAOZHENGYOU3GEYA,DINGDUANDIYIYAJUJIANQIECHU1cmJINXINGQIANCHA;HUOJIANGMIAOGANZHIJIEJIANCHENG10-15cmDECHATIAO,30GENHUO50GENYIKUNJINXINGSHAZANG。SHAZANGGOUSHEN80-100cm,KUAN100cm,GOUDIPU10cmHESHA,JIANGCHENGKUNDECHATIAOTOUXIANGSHANGSHULIPAIFANGYUGOUZHONG。YICENGCHATIAOYICENGSHAZI,SHAZIHANSHUILIANG60%。GOUSHANGFUGAICAOLIANFANGHAN。DI2NIANCHUNJIQUCHUQIANCHA。CHUNJICAIJIMUZHIHUACHENGDUJIAOHAO、JIAOCHONGSHIDECEZHIJIANCHENG10-15cmZHANGDECHATIAO,ZAISHUIZHONGPAO1-2TIAN,QIANCHAYUYUMIAODIHUOYINGYANGBOZHONG,FANGYUDAPENGNEIYUMIAO,DENGSHENGHAOGENHOUZAIYIZAIDATIAN。
2、ZUOQIQIANCHA
YUMIAODIYINGXUANZEDISHIPINGTAN、PAIGUANFANGBIAN、RIZHAOCHONGZU、TUCENGSHENHOUFEIWO、SHUSONGDESHATUHUORANGTU。pHZHIZAI6.5-7.5ZHIJIAN,HANYANLIANGBUGAOYU0.2%DEPIANJIANHUOPIANSUANTURANGJUNKE,DANJIZHONGYANJIAN、BOTUCENGHEZHANZHONGTURANG。MEIMUSHIYOUJIFEI3LIFANGMIFUHEFEI40-50kg,BINGSHIRU1.6kgDEXINLIULIN1-1.5kg,YIFANGDIXIAHAICHONG。SHENGENG20cm-30cm,XIPAZHENGPINGSHAOJIAZHENYAHOUZUOQIKAIGOU,GOUSHEN10-15cm,YIKANGHANFANGLAO。ZUOCHENG2mKUANDEQI,QIMIANYIDINGYAOZHENGPING,FOUZEGAOCHUMIAOMUXISHUIBUZUYINGXIANGCHENGHUOLV。YOUTIAOJIANDEJIANGJIANHAODECHATIAOZAISHUIZHONGPAO1-2TIAN,ANZHUXINGJU35cm×60cmJINXINGQIANCHA,MEIMUCHATIAO3500-4000GENZUISHIYI,ZHEIYIQIANCHAMIDUKECHONGFENFAHUIZUIJIADEJINGJIXIAOYI,BAOZHENGMIAOMUSHULIANGHEZHILIANG。RUGENGDIJIAOYINGKEYONGMUGUNHUOCHAZIKAIFENGRANHOUQIANCHA。QIANCHASHISHAOZAISHANG,SHUNQIWEIXIECHARUTUZHONG,CHATIAORUTUYIDIYIYASILUBULUWEIZHUN,ZHUYIBUYAOJIANGCHATIAOSHANGXIADIANDAO。QIANCHAHOUMEIGENCHATIAODOUYAOJIAODAOSHUI,YONGJIAOJIANGCHATIAOZHOUWEIDETUCAISHI,YICUJINCHATIAOSHENGGENFAYATIGAOCHENGMIAOLV。CHUNCHAYIBANZAI3-4YUEYAMENGFAQIANJINXING。QIUJIQIANCHAHOUFUTU6-10cm,YIBAOZHENGCHATIAOANQUANYUEDONG,YICHUNFAYAQIANJIANGFUTUBAOKAI。
四、插后管理
1、CHAHOUSHUIFENGUANLI
JINSILIUSHUXINGXISHIRUN,YAOPEIYUZHUANGMIAOYIDINGYAOBAOZHENGSHUIFENGONGYING。CONGQIANCHADAOSHENGGENZUIGUANJIANDEGUANLISHIJIAOSHUI,SHICHATIAOYOUCHONGZUDESHUIFENXISHOU,JUTIZUOFASHI:CHAHOUMASHANGJIAOTOUSHUI,7TIANHOUJIAODI2CISHUI,10TIANHOUJIAODI3CISHUI,YIHOUSHITURANGSHANGQINGJISHIJIAOSHUI。TEBIESHIZAIJINSILIUSHUSHENGGENQI(3-4YUE)JISHENGZHANGWANGSHENGQI(6-8YUE)YAOBAOCHITIANJIANZUIDACHISHUILIANGWEI70%-80%,GUANSHUIJIYUHOUYAOJISHISONGTUCHUCAO,FANGZHITURANGBANJIE,YILIYUCHATIAODESHENGGENHEMENGTIAO。WEIFANGZHIRIGUANGZHISHEMIAOCHUANGSHANGBUYAODAZHEYINWANGJISHIPENSHUI。MEITIANCONGZAO7SHIZHIWAN7SHIPENSHUIYAOZUODAOSHAOLIANGDUOCI,YEMIANMEIYOUSHUIDISHIJIPEN。YUGUAFENGTIANSHUIFENZHENGFAKUAIHAIYAOJIAPENJICI。ZHEIYANGDAYUE1YUEZUOYOUJIKESHENGHAOGEN,CISHIYAOZHUJIANJIANSHAOPENSHUICISHU,1ZHOUHOUCHEQUZHEYINWANGJINXINGLIANMIAO。BANGEYUEZUOYOUBIANKEZAIWANGDATIAN。
2、CHAHOUSHIFEI
QIANCHAQIANJIEHEZHENGDISHIZUJIFEIYIHOU,ZAIMIAOMUSHENGZHANGDEBUTONGJIEDUANJIEHEJIAOSHUIBAOANSHIHUAFEI。YIBANZAI6YUESHANGXUNDI1CISHIFEI,YIMEIMU10kgWEIYI,7YUESHANGXUNDI2CISHIFEI,MEIMU15kg,8YUESHANGXUNDI3CISHIFEI,MEIMUSHIFEI15kg。MIAOMUSHENGZHANGQIANQIYISHIDANFEINIAOSUWEIZHU,HOUQISHISHILIANGLIN、JIAFEIYICUJINMIAOMUMUZHIHUAXINGCHENG。MIAOGAO1mSHIKEYEMIANPENFEI,PENFEILIANGMEI15kgSHUIDUI0.1kgNIAOSU,MEIGE15TIANYEMIANPENFEI1CI,LIANXUPEN2-3CI,8YUEXIAXUNYIHOUTINGZHISHIFEI,CUJINZHITIAOMUZHIHUAFANGZHIDONGJISHOUDONGHAI。
3、DACHA
ZAIXINSHAOZHANGDAO20-30cmSHIJINXINGCHUCIDACHA,JIANQUDUOYUDEMENGTIAO。WEIFANGZHIJIXIESUNSHANGHUOCHONGYAOZAOCHENGFEIMIAO,DUOLIUXIEYEZIJINXINGGUANGHEZUOYONG,ZHIZAOYANGFENCUJINGENXIDEFAYU,BUYAOYIKAISHIJIUZHILIUYIGENZHITIAO。MIAOGAO80-100cmSHIJINXINGDI2CIDACHA,ZHUYIZHIJIANQUGANGAO1/3YIXIADECEZHI,DUIYINGXIANGZHUGANSHENGZHANGDECHATOUYAOJIANDIAO,GUOCUDECEZHIYAODUANJIE。MIAOGAO1.5mSHIJINXINGDI3CIDACHAZHUYISHIXIANGTONGDI2CIDACHA。
4、ZHONGGENGCHUCAO
ZHUYIJISHIZHONGGENGCHUCAO,TEBIEZAIMIAOGAO50cmZHIQIANYOUMIAOSHENGZHANGQIJIANJISHICHUDISONGTUBAOSHANG,JIANGCHUDIAODECAOQINGLICHUMIAODIFANGZHIZHANTUFUSHENG。
五、种植要领
JINSICHUILIUSHIYIGEXINXINGHUANBAOSHUZHONG,JUYOUBUFEIMAO、NIANSHENGZHANGLIANGDA、YUMIAOZHOUQIDUAN、ZHUGANWUBAJIEDENGTEXING。QIUTIAN,XINSHAO、ZHUGANZHUJIANBIANHUANG,DONGJITONGTIJINHUANGSE。TAGENXIFADA,KANGHAN、KANGHAN、NAIYANJIAN。KANGBINGNENGLIQIANG,FAYAKUAI。QIANCHAFANZHI,DANGNIANKEZHANGZHI3-4MIGAO,ZHIJINGDA2.5-3LIMI,SHIPUTONGLIUSHUDE3BEIDUO。RUCAIYONGQIUCHA(11YUESHANGXUN),CHENGHUOLVKEDA99%,CHUNCHACHENGHUOLVJIAODI,ZAOLINJIJIEYEYIQIUZAIWEIZUIJIA。
YUMIAOQIANCHAQIAN,TURANGXUANGENGDASUI,ZHENGDIZUOPINGQI,YILIGUANGAI。GENJUTURANGFEILI,SHIYONGSHILIANGDIFEI,RUFUSHUDECHUQINFENDENG,FENYUTUPAYUN。CHASUIJIECHENGZHANG13-14LIMI,ZHUXINGJU0.25*0.65MI,MUZAI3110ZHU,QIANCHAHOUJIAOTOUSHUI,JIAOSHUIHOUDETUDIYINGGAOYUCHASUIDINGDUAN0.5LIMI。
QIANCHAHOUXUJIAQIANGGUANLI。TURANGFENGDONGHOU,YONGDIBIAOSUTUJIANGTUFENGMIHE。ZAOCHUNTURANGJIEDONGSHI,JIAOJIEDONGSHUI。MENGYAHOU,ZAIZHANGDAO10LIMISHIMOYA,XUAN1GEZHUANGYADINGMIAO。XINSHAOZHANGZHI30LIMIZUOYOUSHI,MUZHUISHINIAOSU20-30GONGJIN。ZHANGZHI100LIMISHI,MUSHINIAOSU30-50GONGJIN,KECHANXIESUXIAOLINFEI;YIHOUGENJUSHENGZHANGQINGKUANG,ZHUISHISUXIAOFEISHUCI。QUANNIANFEN3-4CIQUCHUFUSHAO:ZAIZHANGDAO80LIMISHI,SHUCHU20-30LIMIDEFUSHAO;ZHANGDAO150-160LIMISHISHUCHU50-60LIMIDEFUSHAO;ZHANGDAO240-270LIMISHISHUCHU120-140LIMIFUSHAO;ZHANGDAO350-400LIMISHISHUCHU200-250LIMIFUSHAO。FUSHAOYONGJIANZICONGJIBUJIANCHU,ZHEIYANGYOULISHUTITONGZHISHENGZHANG。
六、主要价值
JINSILIUSHICHENGXIANGLVHUA、MEIHUAHUANJINGDEYOULIANGSHUZHONGZHIYI。ZHITIAOPANQU,TEBIESHIHEDONGJIYUANLINGUANJING,YESHIHEZHONGZHIZAILVDIHUODAOLULIANGPANG。YEPIANHEZHIGANJINGCHANGZAICHAHUAZHONGBEISHIYONG。YONGTUGUANGFAN,GAISHUZHONGSHIYONGYUGONGYEYUANLIAOLIN、DAJINGCAIZAIPEI、XINGDAOSHU、SIPANGZHISHU、YUANLINLVHUA、NONGTIANFANGHULINDELIXIANGSHUZHONG。