紫荆花为丛生或单生灌木树种，高2-5m；树皮和小枝均为灰白色，叶纸质，近圆形或三角状圆形，长5-10cm，宽与长相若或略短于长，先端急尖，基部浅至深心形，两面通常无毛，嫩叶绿色，仅叶柄略带紫色，叶缘膜质透明，新鲜时明显可见。花紫红色或粉红色，2-10余朵成束，簇生于老枝和主干上，尤以主干上花束较多，越到上部幼嫩枝条则花越少，通常先于叶开放，但嫩枝或幼株上的花则与叶同时开放，花长1-1.3cm；花梗长3-9cm；龙骨瓣基部具深紫色斑纹；子房嫩绿色，花蕾时光亮无毛，后期则密被短柔毛，有胚珠6-7颗。荚果扁狭长形，绿色，长4-8cm，宽1-1.2cm，翅宽约1.5mm，先端急尖或短渐尖，喙细而弯曲，基部长渐尖，两侧缝线对称或近对称；果颈长2-4mm；种子2-6颗，阔长圆形，长5-6mm，宽约4mm，黑褐色，光亮。花期3-4月；果期8-10月。

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